cli in Mac OS/X

smbutil  view  //samba-server			# ~ smbclient -N -L //samba-server



# launchd is pid 1 for mac, so think of it as init/systemd of linux.

launchctl list					# list services, think of systemctl list-unit-files
launchctl stop com.nomachine.localnxserver	# like systemctl stop, should be a one time stop the nx service (but this one starts right back up)
launchctl remove				# permanently remove service
launchctl load					# said to load it back,  but  removed, 
launchctl unload com.nomachine.localnxserver	# did not work

# so, not sure what's the equiv of systemctl disable 

sudo launchctl limit maxfiles unlimited		# fix number of open file handles to unlimited (def is very low)

Python

1. The python that comes with OS X is quite old :( Sierra 10.12.6 comes with Python 2.7 which does not have PIP :(
2. easy_install pip . Script comes with os x in /usr/bin, will try this first
3. (Trying to install Ansible)
4. brew install python/pip is possible, but then install a second python on system, and different way of calling things may end up using diff python

Getting new Mac to be useful

wget -nc https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tin6150/psg/master/script/mac/installFavApp.sh -O installFavApp.sh
# should check that downloaded the right thing before running it.  also, script use sudo.
bash -x installFavApp.sh

cd ~/Downloads
# install Vagrant .dmg
wget https://releases.hashicorp.com/vagrant/2.0.0/vagrant_2.0.0_x86_64.dmg
sudo hdiutil attach vagrant_2.0.0_x86_64.dmg
sudo installer -package /Volumes/Vagrant/vagrant.pkg -target /
# in this case, the app was installed to /opt/vagrant with link in /usr/local
sudo hdiutil detach /Volumes/Vagrant

# install Oracle VirtualBox
wget http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/5.1.28/VirtualBox-5.1.28-117968-OSX.dmg
sudo hdiutil attach VirtualBox-5.1.28-117968-OSX.dmg 
sudo installer -package /Volumes/VirtualBox/VirtualBox.pkg -target /
# installed to /Applications/VirtualBox.app
sudo hdiutil detach /Volumes/VirtualBox/

"BIOS" stuff

while booting up:
option	= select OS to boot with (when bootcamp is configured)
apple+t = target firewire disk mode  (or just press T key?)
apple+v = verbose mode (this time only)
apple+s = single user mode (but don't run fsck from here! boot from DVD for such action!)  (or just s ?)

apple+r = reinstall
sh-alt-cmd-r = 
cmd+r = reinstall current version of macOS (still wipe the whole disk?)

alt = opt
alt-cmd-r = reinstall + disk util tool (eg remove encrypted partition before reinstall)
opt+cmd+r = install latest version of macOS that the system can handle
sh+opt+cmd+r = install orig macOS of the machine + update

shift   = Safe Boot mode - https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201262



command+r = recovery mode (same as a the recovery choice when "option" key boot).

Permanently disable flashy non-useful boot screen (ie, verbose unix-like booting):
go to terminal, run
	sudo nvram boot-args="-v"
To see current settings:
	nvram -p   			

System Integrity Protection

Migration/Cloning

Backup and Prep

1. Avoid upgrading OS when planning to migrate soonish down the road. (Direct machine restore tends to complain OS in destination host is older, not sure if build numbers are different or some bugs).
2. Partition a new disk with GUID (Linux parted and mkfs.hfsplus didn't work). Use the mac disk utility.
3. Install an OS on this external disk. Boot with Cmd-R, select external disk, install the OS on it.
4. Run time machine backup to this disk (which is now bootable).

Restore Using Migration Assistant

1. Start OS, login as normal.
2. Run Migratin assistant (under App, Utilities). migrate data from time machine backup disk.
3. The ugly part:
   • Migrate only document data matching the user that is logged in and started the Migration assistant.
   • if username doesn't match old computer, then nothing is transfered.
   • Even if username match, didn't copy much. May need apple id match.
   • But how to create such account? It is not like MS where you login directly using MS ID. *sigh* :(
   • It reboot the machine, can't do anything while it migrates

Restore Using Migration Assistant

1. Boot machine while holding Cmd-R
2. Run Utility of Restore machine from time machine backup
3. It will erase the destination computer hd.
4. Did feel like it is a clone. Everything that was left in old computer now login and looks the same in new.
5. One Notes and notebook open just fine. Hope it sync to web directly using a new sync id.
6. git repos seems fine
7. Did not migrate: Dropbox. Google drive
8. Apple iCloud need to login, hanging.
9. iTunes need new authorization as new computer

Hostname

sudo scutil --get Hostname 		# may not be set
sudo scutil --set Hostname jr12pro	# affect cli "hostname"


sudo scutil --set LocalHostName jr12.local		# bonjour hostname  (GUI Settings, Sharing, hostname)
sudo scutil --set ComputerName "descriptive name" 	# optional

dscacheutil -flushcache					# flush dns

Older mac stuff

key binding:

cmd key is the apple key
option = alt
ctrl  = control (^)

cmd+tab = similar to windoze alt+tab
boot, option key = boot current os
boot, c = boot from cd
apple + control + power = reboot

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Enable unix mode boot:
Older Macs:
While booting, enter cmd+opt+O-F
then,
setenv boot-args=-v
shut-down 
This will cause machine to boot like sun machines.


switching between XDarwin X session and Aqua:
ctrl+opt+A
(10.5, they can coexist together)

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NIS info from
http://www.bresink.de/osx/nis.html

OS X can act as NIS server.
yp files are in /var/yp
init rc file (?) at
/System/Library/StartupItems/DirectoryServices/DirectoryServices 


OS X NIS client.
Some minimal info in lookupd.
Leopard 10.5 has NIS client build-in.  Just need to specify NIS domain and servers.


NFS mount.  Can specify the mounts in /etc/fstab, linux format.

Troubleshooting boot up

Info from Jim.  Appicable to old Mac (PowerPC) 

If the critter won't start up with the C key held down, try the
following (with the CD in the drive)
Hold the Option key on startup, and choose the CD icon and then click
the right-pointing arrow, or
hold control-option-shift-delete on startup.

The former is an Open Firmware method, and the latter is a shortcut to
tell the MacOS Rom to boot form the next available system volume.

If both of these methods fail, restart and hold down option-apple-p-r
for four startup chimes, then try the above methods again. (this resets
pram)

Progies

iTerm : a better terminal prog than the one that comes with OS X.

References

Serial

screen /dev/tty.usbserial 9600
	# ^a k 		: kill the connection (terminate screen and its use of /dev/tty...)
	# ^a ^b    	: send break (for sun's go prompt)   (don't need ^B (upper case B))
	# ^a b    	: send break (for sun's go prompt)   (after ^a, it is ^b OR just b, not a triplet of key seq to send the break)

minicom -o -D /dev/tty.usbserial 

minicom -o -D /dev/tty.usbserial -8 -b 9600 
	# ESC-z  (hold esc while pressing z) is the default META-Z for help!)
	# ESC-X  (ESC + upper X at same time) = exit
	# -o = don't init modem, since can't access /dev/modem 
	# no need to run as sudo
	# brew install minicom

serial speed to try:
9600
19200
38400
115200

tip

iOS

Antigravity

Linux

• Does not recognize hard drive (MVMe flash drive)
• Perhaps can run it off usb...
• UEFI boot from USB Thumbdrive
• Need usb mouse and often keyboard.
• fonts are tiny cuz of the native resolution is very high, on a pretty small screen. graphics works (at the installer screen)
• mac cdrom drive don't really work. At boot loader, it doesn't seems to have driver for the cdrom drive. The drive will not inject/ingest a cdrom. So, it never became a boot option.
• Trying a Lenovo CDRom drive may give a slightly better mileage, at least it recognized the media...
• WiFi. works. even from Ubuntu 14.04 Life boot!!
• Dunedan has posted many relevant info.

windoze

• This may work, since it is actually supported by apple.
• They require Windows 10 ISO image, use the bootcamp assistant to get drivers.
• Probably can't get it to work with Windows 7, cuz bootcamp assistant on Mac High Sierra will not accept a windows 7 iso, insist on windows 10.
• Windows is closed source. Apple keep everything as secret. Don't expect them to leak out to the open source (albeit their servers certainly are running linux!!). Oh well, no one said this world was perfect right? hahaha

PS

• How do you switch between windows?!?! I mean for example switching between 1 specific browser window and 1 terminal window. I don't want to hit alt-tab and have all browser windows come to the foreground and cover all my terminal windows. Alt-` to cycle between windows of the same app doesn't help once the paparrazi already covered what I wanted to see from the other app! I don't think there is a solution to this other than to get a 80" 8k monitor. Hard to fit that in a messenge bag though, no?
• The file system default to case insenstive. which resulted in snafu into git repos, since unix case sensitive filenames will result in overwritten files on a mac os x. spend some good amount of time to figure out what happened, lucky it was with git and able to restore from previous version. but really, wtf apple?
• Linux terminal, highlight with mouse, paste with middle click. Or Shift-Insert. No middle click on any apple mouse/touchpad; or if there were, I have not been able to produce the paste behavior. The Terminal app allows pasting with PC mouse middle click. But the clipboard isn't shared with other app (eg chrome). So it is still often stilll needing the cmd-c and cmd-v. your hands has just to move between keyboard and mouse so much more often.
• How do you access the File menu with the keyboard? In Google Docs, Ctrl-Alt-f. Yeah yeah, on the mac it is called the option key. I like the derailure and change track logo. But that reminds me of Alternate path, not option. So there. Also, why need so many effing keys when it is just Alt-f on linux?
• Windows borders please. I have *a lot* of terminals windows open.
• Finder. It ain't file explorer/manager.
• Finder. Why can't you refresh? No way to trigger a refresh either??!!??!!
• Finder. Why is Cmd-N open a new tab? T for tab, no? Tab and window are two things, they each lead their own life.
• Finder: Where is the root of my file system? Go to Folder. Sh-Cmd-G, /.
• Finder: How do I select a lot, most, but not all files of a directory? Shift PageDown don't work? Oh that's right, steve jobs doesn't know what a Page Down key is. That's just any key, right?
• Finder: where are the pics on the iphone?? Run Image Capture.
• Image Capture: How do I move pics from the phone to the computer? Copy and delete.
• Finder: how many GB are these files taking up ?
• If I am on the mouse (not touchpad), how do i switch workspace? I got to click on where and where and where and where?? *sigh*
• Where is the Insert key? Cuz when I run a Linux VM (to get away from MacOS), I could really use that Insert key. A true Delete key would be quite useful too damn it!
• Still need to send break to some serial port console equipment? ^a ^b b in screen MAY work for you. But when I tried it (and really needed it), it didn't work. Mac just don't like me. I will not like it back! :-x

* There is finally a lock screen option under the apple menu (^Cmd-Q). (I don't suppose this was added cuz linked an apple watch). * There is finally a sleep option. while "closing the lid" is not explicity listed in the power setting, just don't let the computer go to sleep when the screen blanks. push out the screen saver.

• Sloppy mouse. Cuz I am a sloppy guy.
• I want Alt-Tab. Not Cmd-Tab AND Cmd-` AND Cmd-Lf/Rg. When I alt-tab between a browser and a terminal, i want ONE window to come to foreground, NOT ALL windows of the app to cover the other window I want to read things from!

[Doc URL: http://tin6150.github.io/psg/apple.html]
(cc) Tin Ho. See main page for copyright info.

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